What Is Social Security Number
A Social Security Number (SSN) is a nine-digit identifier issued by the Social Security Administration that Section 8 programs require from all household members age 6 and older. PHAs use SSNs to verify identity, conduct income verification through the EIV system, and ensure program compliance under HUD regulations.
PHA Requirements and Verification
Public Housing Authorities must obtain and verify SSNs before issuing a voucher or approving lease-up. The EIV (Enterprise Income Verification) system matches SSNs against Social Security Administration records and IRS databases to confirm income reported on the application. If a household member cannot provide an SSN, the PHA cannot process the application until one is obtained.
For non-citizens, HUD allows Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs) in limited circumstances, but the PHA must document the reason. Refugees and asylees have specific timelines to obtain SSNs under federal law.
During Tenancy and Recertification
- Annual recertification: Households must provide current SSNs for all members during annual recertification. Changes in household composition require updated SSN documentation.
- Interim recertification: If a new household member joins the unit, their SSN must be provided and verified before the rent increase takes effect.
- EIV matching: The PHA runs quarterly EIV reports to cross-check reported income against W-2s, UI benefits, and Social Security payments. Mismatches trigger PHA review and may require the household to explain discrepancies.
- Landlord verification: Landlords don't typically handle SSN collection, but should confirm the PHA has completed verification before signing the lease.
Privacy and Security
Section 8 files containing SSNs are confidential under HUD regulations. PHAs must limit access to authorized staff only and maintain secure storage. Landlords should never request SSNs directly from tenants; all SSN collection flows through the PHA. Tenants should provide SSNs only to the PHA, not to landlords, property managers, or third parties.
Common Questions
- What happens if a household member doesn't have an SSN? Non-citizens without SSNs can apply for an ITIN through the IRS if eligible. Residents can contact their local Social Security office to apply for an SSN. The PHA may hold the application pending SSN receipt, typically with a 30 to 90-day deadline depending on PHA policy.
- Can a landlord ask for an SSN to verify tenant identity? No. All verification happens through the PHA using the EIV system. Landlords should never directly collect SSNs from applicants or tenants. If verification is needed, the PHA handles it.
- What if EIV finds income that wasn't reported? The PHA sends a notice to the household explaining the discrepancy. The household has 10 business days to provide documentation clarifying the income source. Failure to respond may trigger a re-determination or lease termination depending on the situation.